However, the Ahklun Mountain glaciers in southwestern Alaska are relatively unstudied. There are comprehensive hydrological and glaciological data available for approximately 100 glaciers globally ( World Glacier Monitoring Service and National Snow and Ice Data Center 2012) and about 198,000 glaciers (most of the glaciers of the world) have more limited archival data of some key properties ( Arendt et al. As glacial ice is diminished, the moderating influence of glaciers is also weakened, likely resulting in a shift in peak discharge from summer to spring and possibly a reduction in summer flows (Jiménez Cisneros 2014). When in equilibrium, glaciers reduce interannual variability of water by storing water during cold years and releasing it during warm years (Jiménez Cisneros 2014). Glaciers strongly affect the discharge of sediment and water downstream, and thereby influence the ecology of riparian and lacustrine habitats within their drainage basins. For southwestern Alaska, however, it is likely that the largest impacts of glacier diminution are ecological. These documents emphasize that most glaciers are in precipitous decline, and with their decline, some regions will or are already experiencing significant impacts on water resources. 2014) and the 5th Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( Vaughan et al. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers, analyze them for glacier extent and changes, and to assess these change data in terms of forcings.The links between climate change and water supplies were underscored for the United States and the world as a whole by the recent National Climate Assessment ( Walsh et al. The barriers measure some 1 1/2 miles in overall length, linking East Mainland to South Ronaldsay via the three islands (northsouth) of Lamb Holm, Glims Holm and Burray. The consortium is organized into a system of Regional Centers, each of which is responsible for glaciers in their region of expertise. The widest and deepest channel was the northernmost, Kirk or Holm Sound between Mainland and Lamb Holm, where the foundations of what became No. Specialized needs for mapping glaciers in a distributed analysis environment require considerable work developing software tools: terrain classification emphasizing snow, ice, water, and admixtures of ice with rock debris change detection and analysis visualization of images and derived data interpretation and archival of derived data and analysis to ensure consistency of results from different Regional Centers. A global glacier database has been designed and implemented at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO) parameters have been expanded from those of the World Glacier Inventory (WGI), and the database has been structured to be compatible with (and to incorporate) WGI data. The project as a whole was originated, and has been coordinated by, the US Geological Survey (Flagstaff, AZ), which has also led the development of an interactive tool for automated analysis and manual editing of glacier images and derived data (GLIMSView). spirometric boride pictures orthosymmetrical myelinated collateral anthol. This article addresses remote sensing and Geographic Information Science techniques developed within the framework of GLIMS in order to fulfill the goals of this distributed project. GLIMS Web Mapping Service: The GLIMS Web Mapping Service (WMS) was developed to provide the public with easy access to the GLIMS Glacier Database. Sample applications illustrating the developed techniques are also shown.
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